Proudly serving Montgomery, Prince George, Anne Arundel, Howard, Frederick, Charles, Carroll, Washington and Baltimore City. 
phone call min
202-765-3175

Call Us Now

Maryland Gun Laws

Learn key Maryland gun laws with Scrofano Law. If you face a firearm charge, our attorneys can guide you and protect your rights.
mdcrim hero imgg min
MD Criminal LawPaolo Gnocchi
5 Stars - Based on 116 User Reviews
av2017 rating full 300x69 min
NTL top 100 member seal min
clients choice min
criminal defense min
bbb footer logo min

What Every Gun Owner Should Know About Maryland Gun Laws

Maryland gun laws control who can buy or own a firearm. They also set strict rules for which weapons are allowed, how guns may be carried, and how they must be transported. These laws leave little room for mistakes. Even a small misunderstanding can lead to serious criminal charges. Because the penalties are severe, every gun owner should understand the rules before buying, carrying, or traveling with a firearm in Maryland.

Maryland has some of the strictest firearm laws in the country. Violating these laws is treated as a serious criminal offense. An arrest can put your freedom, your record, and your future at risk. Many people charged with gun crimes never intended to break the law. In some cases, unclear rules or unexpected situations lead to charges. When this happens, the legal system can feel overwhelming and unfair.

If you are facing a firearm charge in Maryland, you do not have to face it alone. Our criminal defense attorneys at Scrofano Law represent Maryland gun owners facing serious firearm charges. We have handled a wide range of gun law cases and understand how these laws are enforced. We are prepared to defend your rights and protect your reputation. Read on to learn more about Maryland gun laws.

Understanding Maryland’s Gun Laws section
Schedule An Appointment
Call Now

Who Can Be a Gun Owner in Maryland?

While firearm possession is a constitutional right for most people in Maryland, state law limits who may buy or own a gun. These restrictions are designed to promote public safety and prevent firearms from falling into the wrong hands.

Under Maryland law, the following individuals are prohibited from owning or possessing any firearm:

  • Fugitives from justice
  • Convicted felons
  • Individuals convicted of a crime of violence
  • Habitual drunkards
  • Addicts or habitual users of narcotics
  • Persons who have spent more than 30 consecutive days in a mental institution for treatment 

If you fall into any of these categories and are unsure about your right to possess a firearm, it is critical to seek legal guidance. You should speak with a criminal defense attorney in Maryland to understand your rights and options under Maryland law.

Maryland Rifle Laws
Schedule An Appointment
Call Now

Maryland Firearm Purchase Rules

In Maryland, the rules for purchasing a firearm depend on the type of gun you want to own. For simplicity, firearms are generally divided into handguns and long guns.

  • Handguns include pistols and revolvers. These are regulated more strictly under state law.
  • Long guns include rifles and shotguns that are not classified as assault weapons. These have fewer purchase requirements but still have state regulations.

These statutes set rules for age limits, licensing, background checks, and firearm training. Anyone planning to buy a gun in Maryland should understand these requirements before starting the purchase process.

Maryland Firearms Laws on Who Can Possess a Firearm
Schedule An Appointment
Call Now

Buying a Long Gun in Maryland

To purchase a rifle or shotgun in Maryland, you should:

  • Be at least 18 years old
  • Show a valid state ID
  • Pass a background check through a licensed firearm dealer

Buying a Handgun in Maryland

Handgun purchases in Maryland follow stricter state and federal rules than long guns. To buy a handgun in Maryland, you should meet the following requirements:

  • Be at least 21 years old 
  • Show a valid state ID
  • Pass a background check through a licensed firearm dealer
  • Obtain a Handgun Qualification License (HQL)
  • Complete a certified firearm safety training course. Some qualified handgun instructors may be exempt.
  • Submit fingerprints to the Maryland State Police
  • Observe a seven-day waiting period 
  • If more than 90 days pass during the application process, contact the Maryland State Police Handgun Permit Unit
  • Register the handgun with the Maryland State Police 

Maryland enforces these rules strictly. Failing to meet any requirement can result in a denied sale or criminal charges. Understanding all of these steps is critical to stay compliant with Maryland law.

Prohibited Firearms in Maryland

In addition to regulating who can buy a gun, Maryland law also restricts the types of firearms that may be legally owned, sold, or transferred.

Under Maryland law, the following types of firearms are generally prohibited in Maryland:

  • Assault weapons: Certain rifles, pistols, and shotguns with features defined under § 5-101(r)
  • Folding or telescoping pistol-grip shotguns: Shotguns with a folding or telescoping stock
  • Short-barreled rifles and shotguns – Firearms with barrels shorter than the legal minimum
  • Zip guns and improvised firearms – Homemade or improvised weapons not regulated as standard firearms

This list is not exhaustive. Other regulated firearms or modifications may also be illegal under state or federal law.

Maryland Carry Laws
Schedule An Appointment
Call Now

Possessing, selling, transferring, or manufacturing a prohibited firearm can carry up to 10 years in prison and significant fines (Public Safety § 5-133).

Because the rules are complex, it is critical to consult a Maryland gun and firearms lawyer before buying or modifying a firearm. Confirming that a firearm is legal can prevent serious criminal liability and protect your rights under Maryland law.

Storage of Firearms in Maryland

Maryland law sets strict rules for storing firearms, especially when children are present. Proper storage is essential to prevent accidents and avoid criminal liability.

Under Maryland Code, Criminal Law § 4-203, it is illegal to store a loaded firearm where a child under 16 can access it without supervision.

  • Supervision means the child is under the watch of a responsible adult who is at least 21 years old.
  • Firearms should be locked in a secure location, such as a gun safe or lockbox, when not in use.
  • Ammunition should be stored separately from the firearm whenever possible.
Maryland Gun Laws on Transport
Schedule An Appointment
Call Now

Violating Maryland’s firearm storage laws can lead to criminal charges, including fines and imprisonment. Safe storage is not only a legal requirement but also a critical step in protecting children and preventing accidents.

Carrying a Firearm in Maryland

Carrying a firearm means having a gun on your person or readily accessible for immediate use. Because the gun could be used quickly, Maryland regulates carrying more strictly than transporting a firearm.

Examples of carrying include:

  • A handgun in a holster on your body
  • A gun kept within reach inside a vehicle

If you wish to carry a handgun outside of your home or business, you need a Wear and Carry Permit (WCP).

Who Can Apply for a Handgun Carry Permit?

To carry a handgun in Maryland, applicants should:

  • Be at least 21 years old (18 for certain employment purposes)
  • Demonstrate a convincing reason to obtain the permit

Long guns are not subject to the same carry restrictions. However, law enforcement may still approach you if you carry them openly. Doing so without a WCP is done at your own risk.

Where You Cannot Carry a Firearm

Even with a permit, Maryland law prohibits carrying a firearm in certain locations:

  • On any property belonging to a public school
  • Within 1,000 feet of a demonstration
  • On an aircraft
  • In legislative buildings or state-owned public buildings and grounds
  • In a lodging establishment
  • On dredge boats (except a 10-gauge shotgun)
  • In Chesapeake Forest Lands, state forests, or state parks
  • At adult rehabilitation centers
  • At child care centers
  • In any location where firearms are federally prohibited

Penalties for Illegal Carry

Carrying a handgun in violation of Maryland law is a misdemeanor. Penalties include:

  • First offense: $250–$2,500 fine and up to 3 years in jail
  • Subsequent offenses: Up to 10 years in prison

Bringing a firearm onto prohibited property can result in even harsher penalties. For example, possession in a school zone or an adult rehabilitation center may result in up to 5 years in prison.

Transporting Firearms in Maryland

Firearm transportation is also regulated by law in Maryland. Code, Criminal Law § 4-203. Under Maryland laws, firearms should generally remain stored at home and out of sight. 

If you decide to move your guns, it is important to follow the rules on storage, accessibility, and purpose to avoid criminal charges.

    When to Contact a Maryland Gun Law Attorney
    Schedule An Appointment
    Call Now

    How to Transport Firearms Safely

    To move your guns, you should have a Wear and Carry Permit. In addition, you should follow these rules 

    • Handguns:
      • The gun should be unloaded
      • You should place it in a carrying case or holster with a flap
      • Ammunition should be stored separately
      • Neither the firearm nor the ammunition should be readily accessible from the passenger compartment. The trunk or an area far from the driver’s seat is preferred for storage.

         

    • Long guns (rifles and shotguns):
      • The gun should be unloaded
      • You can transport the gun in your vehicle without a case. However, you should secure the firearm.

    Legal Exceptions for Transport Without a Carry Permit

    If you do not have a Wear and Carry Permit, Maryland law allows transport only under specific circumstances:

    • Moving your firearm between your home and a licensed gun shop or service center
    • Traveling between residences or business locations you own or lease
    • Traveling to or from target practice, shooting events, hunting, trapping, or dog obedience training classes
    • Transporting firearms as part of a collection for exhibition or display

    Some of these transportation rules are open to interpretation. As such,  consulting a criminal defense lawyer is crucial if you face charges.

    When to Contact a Maryland Gun Law Attorney

    Gun charges in Maryland are taken very seriously. A conviction can lead to prison time, significant fines, and a permanent criminal record. It can also affect your right to own or carry firearms in the future. If you are facing any firearm-related legal issues, our attorneys can help with:

    • Unlicensed gun possession
    • Carrying a handgun without a permit
    • Illegal firearm transportation
    • Assault weapons and other prohibited firearms

    Gun cases in Maryland are time-sensitive and complex. Acting quickly allows our team to gather evidence, interview witnesses, and construct a strong defense. Our attorneys provide:

    • Strategic legal guidance tailored to your situation
    • Representation in court to protect your rights
    • Support in negotiating charges, penalties, or alternative resolutions.

    Why Choose Scrofano Law for Gun Cases

    Decades of Maryland Courtroom Experience

    Scrofano Law is led by Paolo Gnocchi, a criminal defense attorney with over twenty years of experience in Maryland courts. 

    He began his career at a respected Rockville law firm and served as an Assistant State’s Attorney in Baltimore City. In this capacity, he gained deep insight into how prosecutors build their cases. 

    Since moving into defense, he has tried and won hundreds of cases. This includes serious felonies. His rich experience makes him well-equipped to handle complex firearm cases.

    Trial-Ready Defense Team

    Attorney Michelle LaTorre brings extensive experience defending clients in Maryland District and Circuit Courts. She has handled cases involving firearms and violent crimes, securing not guilty verdicts in high-stakes trials. 

    Together, Gnocchi and LaTorre combine trial skill, strategic preparation, and prosecutorial insight. These provide a strong defense for clients facing gun charges.

    Trusted and Recognized

    Scrofano Law is a member of respected organizations like 

    • Maryland Criminal Defense Attorneys’ Association
    • National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. 

    Plus, Attorney Gnocchi holds a perfect 5-out-of-5 Avvo rating. He is also top-rated by Super Lawyers. All of these reflect our firm’s record of ethical advocacy and client trust.

    Clear Guidance Every Step of the Way

    Our attorneys communicate clearly in English, Spanish, and Italian, ensuring all clients understand their options. 

    From case preparation to courtroom representation, Scrofano Law provides dedicated advocacy, strong defense strategies, and support at every stage of a firearm case.

    Protecting Your Rights as a Responsible Gun Owner

    Being a responsible gun owner means more than following the rules. It also means protecting yourself, your family, and your future. 

    However, Maryland’s firearm laws are complex. While we have covered some of the most important regulations, there are many more that could affect you. Understanding your rights and responsibilities is essential. That is why our team is committed to helping you answer your questions and stay in compliance with the law.

    If you have legal questions about Maryland gun laws or are facing firearm-related charges, our attorneys are here to help. We can review your case, explain your options, and create a defense strategy tailored to your situation. 

    Gun law violations can carry serious consequences. The earlier we get involved, the better your chances for a favorable outcome. Schedule a consultation today to speak with our experienced Maryland criminal defense lawyers and protect your rights.

    Frequently Asked Questions About Maryland Gun Laws

    1. Who cannot own a firearm in Maryland?
    Maryland law disqualifies several groups from firearm ownership, including convicted felons, fugitives, and those convicted of violent crimes. Possession is also prohibited for habitual drunkards, frequent drug users, and individuals who have been involuntarily committed to a mental health facility for more than 30 consecutive days.
    2. What are the age and permit requirements to buy or carry a handgun?
    To purchase a handgun, you must be at least 21 years old and possess a Handgun Qualification License (HQL). The acquisition process involves a mandatory firearms safety course, fingerprinting, and a seven-day waiting period. If you intend to carry a handgun in public, you must obtain a separate Maryland Wear and Carry Permit (WCP).
    3. Where can I not carry a firearm in Maryland?
    Even with a valid permit, firearms are strictly prohibited in schools, childcare centers, and government or legislative buildings. Carrying is also banned in locations that sell alcohol or cannabis for on-site consumption, stadiums, casinos, and within 1,000 feet of a public demonstration.
    4. How should I transport a firearm safely?
    Handguns must be transported unloaded, secured in a locked case, and kept separate from ammunition. The firearm should be placed in the trunk or a spot inaccessible to passengers. Without a carry permit, you may only transport a firearm when traveling directly between specific locations, such as your home, a firing range, or a repair shop.
    5. What types of firearms are prohibited in Maryland?
    Maryland prohibits the possession of “assault weapons,” which include a specific list of 45 assault long guns and 15 assault pistols (or their copies). Also banned are short-barreled rifles and shotguns, “copycat” weapons with certain folding or flash-suppressing features, and homemade “ghost guns” or improvised “zip guns.”
    301-200-1429
    NEED AN ATTORNEY?
    Shape 4

    Contact Our MD Criminal Defense Lawyers

    Being accused of a crime can be terrifying. An imperfect justice system has placed a target on your back, and you’re left to jump through hoops while somebody else chooses your fate.

    With our Maryland team on your side, you can rest assured that your future lies in good hands. Our Maryland criminal defense lawyers understand how to even the chances when it feels like it’s you against the world. Contact us today to schedule a confidential case assessment and discover how we can make justice work for you rather than against you.

    Schedule An Appointment